Active and Passive Voice Rules - Voice Change in English Grammar
⌄Active and Passive Voice Rules - Voice Change in English Grammar - ऑनलाइन प्रैक्टिस क्विज़
Learn active and passive voice rules, voice change in present, past, future tense, with modals, imperative and interrogative sentences for SSC, Railway, Banking exams.
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What is Voice in English Grammar?
Voice shows whether the subject does the action or receives the action. There are two types of voice: Active Voice and Passive Voice. In active voice, the subject performs the action, as in She writes a letter. In passive voice, the subject receives the action, as in A letter is written by her. Voice change is an important topic for SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO, Railway, and Banking exams, where active to passive and passive to active conversion is frequently asked.
Rules of Voice Change in Different Tenses
Voice Change in Present Tense
In present indefinite, active structure Subject + V1 + Object becomes Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject in passive. For example, He writes a letter becomes A letter is written by him. Present continuous active Subject + is/am/are + Ving + Object becomes Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject. For example, She is cooking food becomes Food is being cooked by her. Present perfect active Subject + has/have + V3 + Object becomes Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject.
Voice Change in Past Tense
In past indefinite, active Subject + V2 + Object becomes Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject. For example, She wrote a novel becomes A novel was written by her. Past continuous active Subject + was/were + Ving becomes Object + was/were + being + V3. Past perfect active Subject + had + V3 becomes Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject.
Voice Change in Future Tense and Modals
In future indefinite, active Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object becomes Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Subject. For example, She will write a letter becomes A letter will be written by her. With modals like can, could, may, might, should, must, the structure is active Subject + modal + V1 + Object becomes Object + modal + be + V3 + by + Subject. For example, You must obey the rules becomes The rules must be obeyed by you.
| Tense / Type | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|
| Present Indefinite | She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. |
| Past Indefinite | She wrote a letter. | A letter was written by her. |
| Future Indefinite | She will write a letter. | A letter will be written by her. |
| Present Continuous | She is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by her. |
| Modal Verb | You must do it. | It must be done by you. |
| Imperative | Close the door. | Let the door be closed. |
Voice Change in Imperative and Interrogative Sentences
Imperative sentences give orders, requests, or advice. Active Close the door becomes passive Let the door be closed. For request, Please help me becomes You are requested to help me. Interrogative sentences starting with wh-words or helping verbs also change. Active Who wrote this book becomes passive By whom was this book written. Active Did she write a letter becomes Was a letter written by her. The question form is maintained in passive by changing helping verb position according to tense.